So twenty-four elements we have discussed yesterday: the five gross elements, and the five sense objects, and five knowledge gathering senses, and five working sensestwentyand four internal sensestwenty-fourand then again, all under the control of time, the fifth, or twenty-fifth. And above these there is the soul and Supersoul. That is spiritual. These are all material, analytical study of the material composition of this cosmic manifestation. This is called Sankhya philosophy.

So here there is one word, brahmanah sagunasya. These twenty-four or twenty-five material elements is covering the Brahman, and therefore he is called saguna. There are two words generally used, saguna and nirguna. Saguna means material, and nirguna means spiritual. So in the Bhagavad-gita Arjuna is advised to come to the platform of nirguna. Traigunya-visaya veda nistraigunyo bhavarjuna. That is the aim of life. We are also Brahman. We are part and parcel of Brahman, Supreme Brahman; therefore we are also Brahman. Brahman realization is not very difficult thing, provided we want to realize. And how we want? You take instruction from the Bhagavad-gita, and if you accept it, then immediately your Brahman realization is there. Krsna says that "These jivas, they are My part and parcel." So if Krsna is Brahman, Parabrahman, then we are Brahman. If we accept this... We have to accept because that is the constitutional position. We are part and parcel of Krsna.

So we are part and parcel of Krsna. Therefore it is our constitutional position to live with Krsna. Just like the part and parcel of my body, this finger. Finger is the part and parcel of my body. It must live with the body; then it is active. And if you cut the finger and throw on the ground, you may call, "It is finger," but it is useless. Unless it is in contact with the body, acting with the body... Then it is valuable. Take any example, any machine, the screw in the machine, a very insignificant part, but so long it is attached with the whole machine, it has got value. If one screw is lost, if you have to purchase from the market, you will have to pay some value. But the same screw, if it is not attached to the machine, it has no value. Similarly, we are very insignificant spiritual spark. We are, by quality, the same because we are spirit, eternal. Na hanyate hanyamane sarire [Bg. 2.20]. Na jayate na mriyate va kadacit. So we also do not die, we do not take birth. And Krsna is also: ajo 'pi sann avyayatma bhutanam isvaro 'pi san. He is also aja; we are also aja. But He is bhutanam isvarah. Bhutanam, all the living entities, He is the Supreme. Nityo nityanam. Nityo nityanam. He is the chief, leader.

We require a leader. Any field of activities, we require a leader. Suppose for getting independence, we had to follow one leader, Mahatma Gandhi. Therefore for guidance we require a leader. And the supreme leader is Krsna. So if we follow Krsna, the supreme leader, then our life is successful. And if we do not follow... Therefore Krsna says, "You rascal, you fool, mudha, you just follow Me." Sarva-dharman parityajya mam ekam saranam vraja [Bg. 18.66]. This is the whole story of spiritual life. Krsna is the supreme leader. He is also a living being, He is also person like you and me, but He is sad-aisvarya-purna. Therefore He is called Bhagavan. We cannot be called Bhagavan because our power is very limited, not purna. Therefore we become saguna. Krsna does not become saguna. The Mayavada theory, that God, when He incarnates, He becomes saguna, that is wrong theory. Here it is said that brahmanah sagunasya ha. Sagunasya brahmanah, these twenty-five elements, they cover him, that means the living entity who has come in this material world. But Kapiladeva or Krsna, Bhagavan, He is not saguna; He is always nirguna. Nirguna guna ca. In... The Bhagavan says in the Bhagavad-gita, "Although He is nirguna, but He is the controller of the gunas." Krsna is not controlled. Mama maya gunamayi. Krsna says, daivi hy esa gunamayi mama maya [Bg. 7.14]. Mama maya: "This maya, this energy, is My energy." So energy is controlled by the energetic. Suppose if you have got some energy, you can control it. Suppose if you have got very good energy to kill anyone or to hurt one or to beat anyone, good strength, but that strength is not beyond you. The strength is under your control. When you like, you can use it; when you do not like, you cannot use it, you do not use it.

Therefore this maya, this material world, saguna, that is also Krsna's energy. Daivi hy esa gunamayi mama maya [Bg. 7.14]. Krsna is not maya's, but maya is Krsna's. We have to understand that way, not that Krsna becomes enveloped or overpowered by maya. That is wrong theory. The Mayavadi theory is like that, that "I am Krsna. I am God. Now I am overpowered by maya, and as soon as I become free from maya, again I become Krsna." But the question is that "If you are Krsna, if you are God, then why you became under the control of maya? What kind of God you are?" Just like in the English Constitution it is said that "The king can do no wrong." So you cannot bring king under any law. Others will comeeven if he is minister, he will come under the lawbut the king cannot come under the law. This is the English Constitution. Similarly, God cannot be under maya. Others, everyone under the...

Dharma means the laws of God. This is the simple definition of dharma. Dharmam tu saksad bhagavat-pranitam [SB 6.3.19]. So when we defy the religious principles... Religious principle means that dharma, not your created dharma. You cannot create law at home. It is given already. What is that? Sarva-dharman parityajya mam ekam... [Bg. 18.66]. This is dharma. All other dharmas, so-called dharmas, they are all cheating. Therefore Bhagavata says, dharmah projjhita-kaitavah atra: "All cheating type of religious system is kicked out, rejected." Actually, it is not required. It is simply bogus. Real dharma is here, to abide by the laws of God. That is real dharma. Then if you have no conception of God, if you have no knowledge what is the laws of God, then you are adharmika, you are simply transgressing the laws of dharma. And to transgress the laws of dharma, you are sinful, you are punishable. And that is going on. Material life means that. Material life means defying the laws of God, denying the existence of God. And one wants to become himself God. These are the material activities. So we may do so, may defy, but the laws will act. Laws will act.

So the saguna Brahman means the living entities. Saguna Brahman does not mean the God, Krsna, Bhagavan, because even if you become servant of God... Just like there are so many nice example, that if an ordinary man beats another man, slap, he immediately becomes criminal. Law is there, "You cannot do that." But the policeman gives you a slapit is not criminal. If you kill somebody, then you become criminal. But when a soldier kills hundreds of men, he is not criminal. The process is the same, but because one is acting on behalf of the supreme lawgiver, he is immune. So that is stated in the Bhagavad-gita,

So if a devotee becomes nirguna immediately, as soon as he is engaged in devotional service of the Lord, how the Supreme Lord can become saguna? Just try to understand. Use your logic. If one becomes a devotee of the nirguna, he becomes nirguna, so why the nirguna God can be saguna? This Mayavadi theory is not very logical, that when God comes He is saguna, He accepts this material body. No. That is not possible. Why He should accept body? He is all-powerful. He cannot be affected by the material laws. A man is suffering from some disease, infected. That does not mean when the physician comes to treat him he is also infected. He knows how to protect himself, disinfectant.

So saguna, this word... The Mayavadi theory is saguna worship and nirguna worship. Saguna worship means when you worship a deity, in form, that is called saguna worship. And when you meditate upon impersonal, that is nirguna. That is their theory. But meditation is not possible unless there is form. Without form, meditation means... That is stated in the Bhagavad-gita, klesah adhikataras tesam avyaktasakta-cetasam: "One who is trying to meditate upon the impersonal Brahman," klesah, "it is very troublesome," because we are not accustomed to concentrate our mind, meditate upon anything which is impersonal. That is not possible. We simply try to do that under labor, under trouble, klesah adhikataras tesam avyaktasakta-cetasam, whereas devotee, he immediately sees Krsna in the temple: "Here is Krsna. Here is Radharani.' Arca-vigraha. Krsna has appeared to be visible. We cannot see Krsna or God by these material eyes, but as we can be seeing, as we can appreciate, as we can touch, Krsna has accepted the form to be touched by us, to be seen by us, to be served by us. This is called arca-vigraha. It is not idol worship. The Mayavadi says it is imagination. No, not it is imagination. Arca-vigraha. Vigraha. Krsna is vigraha, sac-cid-ananda-vigraha, isvarah paramah krsnah sac-cid-ananda-vigrahah [Bs. 5.1], His form.

So we should always remember, when we speak of saguna, saguna means saguna Brahman. Saguna Brahman means we, the living entities, not Krsna or Bhagavan. He is not saguna. He is always nirguna. Etat isasya isanam. This is the supremacy of the Supreme Person, that although He comes within this material world, incarnates as incarnation, He is not affected by the material qualities. That is isanam. Otherwise how He is isvara? Isvara means controller. If, when He comes in the material world, if He becomes controlled by the material nature, then how He is controller? He is not controller. Then He becomes controlled. We are controlled. Krsna is never controlled. He is always the controller. Isvarah paramah krsnah [Bs. 5.1]. Isvara means controller. So He is the supreme controller. He is the controller of these energies also, maya. So how He can be under maya? This is mistaken theory. Krsna is always supreme, Adhoksaja. Krsna's another name is Adhoksaja.

So Krsna is always nirguna in any condition, any circumstances. But those who are mudhas, avajananti mam mudha manusim tanum asritam [Bg. 9.11]. But because Krsna incarnates or comes, tadatmanam srjamy aham, He comes, we think, because we are foolish person, mudha, we think that "Krsna is also one of us." That is not the fact. Saguna Brahman, nirguna Brahman, we should distinguish, that Krsna is always nirguna Brahman, but we are saguna Brahman. We are Brahman, but because we are not Parabrahman or Supreme Brahman, we are subjected, we are prone to be covered by these material qualities. Therefore our business is again to recover ourself from these twenty-five elements, material elements. And that is only possible, as it is prescribed by Krsna, sa gunan samatityaitan brahma-bhuyaya kalpate. What is that? Mam ca yo 'vyabhicarena bhakti-yogena sevate [Bg. 14.26]. You just engage yourself in bhakti-yoga process, mam avyabhicarena, without any mixture, without any deviation. And how it can be, deviation? Anyabhilasita-sunyam [Brs. 1.1.11], without any material desire, without any motive. Jnana-karmady-anavrtam [Cc. Madhya 19.167], not mixed up with fruitive activities or speculative knowledge-pure, simple.

You cannot bring Krsna under your speculative knowledge, avan manasa-gocarah, because He is beyond the scope of the activities of the mind, Adhoksaja. Therefore don't try to bring Krsna within your speculative knowledge. Speculative knowledge, how can you go? That is Dr. Frog. Dr. Frog cannot... Frog is in the well, three-feet well, and how he can imagine about the Atlantic Ocean? It is not possible. Avan manasa-gocarah. So don't try to speculate upon God. You will never find God. If you want to go by the speculative knowledge, trying to find out what is God just like the theosophist and many other societiesthey do that, speculatingyou cannot reach God by speculation. That is not. Because your senses are limited. How you can reach God, the unlimited, by speculative knowledge? That is not possible.

So how the little mercy can be obtained? That is also explained in the Bhagavad-gita: bhaktya mam abhijanati yavan yas casmi tattvatah [Bg. 18.55]. "You can get mercy of the Supreme Lord simply by devotional service, bhaktya." He doesn't say by knowledge, jnanena, or karmena. He never says. Or yogena. No. These are not the process to understand the Absolute Truth. You can make little advance, but it is... Avan manasa-gocarah. What advance you can make with your limited senses? That is not possible. He is beyond the scope of my mental activities. So you cannot reach that. Therefore Krsna has recommended that "If you want to know Me, then you have to adopt this process, bhakti-yoga." And Krsna accepts everything through bhakti. Patram puspam phalam toyam yo me bhaktya prayacchati [Bg. 9.26]. Not these karmis, jnanis. He doesn't accept anything from the hands of karmis and jnanis. Karmis and jnanis cannot approach Him, what to speak of accepting their offering. That is not possible. They cannot approach Him.

Therefore bhakti means karma-jnana-anavrtam. Anyabhilasita-sunyam jnana-karmady-anavrtam [Brs. 1.1.11]. Don't try to approach God with your so-called speculative knowledge and fruitive activities, as people are trying to do. It is not possible. You may, by such activities, you can come to the platform of this sattva-guna, sattva-guna. But that is also guna. You remain saguna. You are not nirguna. But you require to be nirguna. That is bhakti. If you remain saguna, you may come to the platform of sattva-guna, the brahminical platform-satyam samah damah titiksa arjavam, jnanam vijnanam astikyam [Bg. 18.42]. That is better platform to understand. Sthitam sattve prasidati. You can understand, you can get light of the spiritual world, by sattva-guna. But you have to surpass the sattva-guna. That is called suddha-sattva, untinted, without any tinge of these rajo-guna and tamo-guna. In the material world you may be situated on the brahminical qualification, sattva-guna, but there is chance of being infected by the rajo-guna and tamo-guna. Therefore it is not suddha-sattva, pure sattva. So you have to come to the platform of pure sattva-guna. Sattvam visuddham vasudeva-sabditam. That pure sattva, pure sattva-guna, mode of goodness, is called vasudeva, and Vasudeva he gives birth to Vasudeva, Krsna. So when you come to that platform, then you will be able to give birth to Vasudeva. That means you will meet Vasudeva. suddha-sattva. Sattvam visuddham vasudeva-sabditam. This is the process.

So saguna, saguna Brahman, brahmanah sagunasya, here it is said. Brahmanah sagunasya ha etavan eva sankhyatah. The living entity is entrapped. This body is the combination of these twenty-five elements. So that is for the living entity, saguna Brahman. Saguna Brahman means living entity. But it is not for Krsna. And again, sanniveso maya proktah. So maya proktah means Bhagavan is speaking. Bhagavan is not saguna. Here Kapiladeva says, maya proktah: "I have described it." He knows everything. Maya proktah. We have to take knowledge from Bhagavan, not from any saguna Brahman. We have to take knowledge from nirguna Brahman. Nirguna Brahman is Krsna, Bhagavan, Kapiladeva. Maya proktah. Yah kalah panca-vimsakah. And now He gives another element, kala, because everything is going on under the influence of kala. The past, present, and future, the kala, is eternal. Time is eternal, but we are creating our past and present and future according to our existence. The past, present, future of an ant is not the past, present of an elephant. The past present of our is not the past present of Brahma. It is relative. This kala is working relatively. Therefore this is called relative world. So this prime factor of relativity is kala. That is the twenty-fifth element. And beyond that, there is the soul, there is the Supersoul, and above everything, Purusottama, the Supreme Person, Krsna.

So in this way, if we understand, then we become a student of Sankhya philosophy. That is being taught by Kapiladeva.

Thank you very much. (end)