Intellect, intelligence-The power of discrimination, in Sanskrit called buddhi, in Greek dinoia. Intelligence is as natural to the jiva as taste is to water or smell is to earth: As there is no separate existence of the earth and its aroma or of water and its taste, there cannot be any separate existence of intelligence and consciousness. (Kapiladeva, SB 3.27.18) Buddhi manifests within each living entity as the ability to distinguish between forms in the field of perception, and as the sense of direction. The mind (manaḥ) imputes emotional values to form and direction (painful, pleasurable, etc.). The false ego (ahahkara) lays claim to the field of perception (this is mine etc.). Intelligence, being originally spiritual, can rise above the influence of mind and false ego by buddhi-yoga, as explained in Bhagavad-gita. Narada Muni tells Maharaja Yudhisthira in SB 7.14.38: O King Yudhisthira, the Supersoul in every body gives intelligence to the individual soul according to his capacity for understanding. Therefore the Supersoul is the chief within the body. The Supersoul is manifested to the individual soul according to the individual's comparative development of knowledge, austerity, penance and so on. Since buddhi is awarded to all living entities by the Supersoul according to their knowledge and austerity, when a living entity surrenders completely to Krsna, he is awarded pure intelligence. Surrendering completely to Krsna entails surrendering to the spiritual master by renouncing the emotional values of the mind and the claims of the false ego. When original intelligence is covered by ignorance, it is called tamasa-buddhi. This is the beginning of the material existence of the soul. In Bg. 10.10 Lord Krsna says that buddhi-yoga, the respiritualization of the intelligence, is accomplished by priti-pūrvakam, the method of loving devotion. See Consciousness, False ego, Mind, Modes of nature, Soul, Subtle body, Supersoul. Ipse dixit (Lat.) He himself has said it. A kind of proof, after the answer that disciples of Pythagoras, an ancient Greek sage, used to give whenever an opponent called the certitude of the sage's doctrine into question. This proof is rejected by modern philosophers. See Sabda. ISKCON-the abbreviation for the International Society for Krishna Consciousness; the Hare Krishna Movement. The society was founded in New York, 1966, by His Divine Grace A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, who came by boat, the Jaladuta from Calcutta in 1965, with just forty rupees and a trunk full of books. Sumati Morarji kindly donated his passage; Srila Prabhupada-(1896-1977) His Divine Grace A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada. He is the tenth generation from Caitanya Mahaprabhu. The founder-acarya, spiritual master of the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON). Srila Prabhupada was the widely-acclaimed author of more than seventy books on the science of pure bhakti-yoga, unalloyed Krsna consciousness. His major works are annotated English translations of the Srimad-Bhagavatam, the Sri Caitanya-caritamrta, and the Bhagavad-gita As It Is. He was the world's most distinguished teacher of Vedic religion and thought. Srila Prabhupada was a fully God conscious saint who had perfect realization of the Vedic scriptures. He worked incessantly to spread Krsna consciousness all over the world. He guided his society and saw it grow to a worldwide confederation of hundreds of ashrams, schools, temples, institutes, and farm communities; Acronym for the International Society for Krsna Consciousness, the branch of Caitanya Mahaprabhu's sahkirtana mission established by Srila Prabhupada in New York in 1966. ISKCON is a worldwide nonsectarian movement dedicated to propagating the message of the Vedas for the benefit of mankind. Over the years ISKCON has steadily grown in popularity and influence, and today it is widely recognized by theologians, scholars and laymen as a genuine and important spiritual movement. The hundreds of ISKCON centers throughout the world enable full-time members to live in close association, following the principles of Vedic life, and also provide a place where interested visitors can learn about the philosophy and culture of Krsna consciousness and participate in its various functions. The basis of the movement is the Hare Krsna maha-mantraHare Krsna, Hare Krsna, Krsna Krsna, Hare Hare / Hare Rama, Hare Rama, Rama Rama, Hare Hare. The devotees experience divine ecstasy in singing these holy names of God to the accompaniment of musical instruments. The ISKCON devotees, as a prerequisite for the serious pursuit of spiritual life, abstain from meat-eating, illicit sex, intoxication, and gambling. The Krsna conscious life style is based on the principles of simple living and high thinking. The devotees rise very early, about 3:30 a.m., and spend the morning hours in meditation and study. During the day, some devotees go out to public places to distribute the Society's books and its official journal, Back to Godhead magazine. In addition to book distribution, devotees engage in a variety of activities, including teaching, artistic pursuits, farming and business. See Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, Hare Krsna Maha-mantra, Krsna. Īsvara-a controller. Krsna is paramesvara, the supreme controller; One of the five tattvas, or Vedic ontological truths: the supreme controller of all living and nonliving energy. In Bg. 18.61-62, Lord Krsna tells Arjuna: isvaraḥ sarva-bhūtanam hrd-dese 'rjuna tisthati bhramayan sarva-bhūtani yantrarūḍhani mayaya tam eva saranam gaccha sarva-bhavena bharata tat-prasadat param santim sthanam prapsyasi sasvatam. The Supreme Lord (isvara) is situated in everyone's heart, O Arjuna, and is directing the wanderings of all living entities, who are seated as on a machine, made of the material energy. O scion of Bharata, surrender unto Him utterly. By His grace you will attain transcendental peace and the supreme and eternal abode. And Cc., Adi-lila 5.142 states: ekale isvara krsna, ara saba bhrtya yare yaiche nacaya, se taiche kare nrtya. Lord Krsna alone is the supreme controller, and all others are His servants. They dance as He makes them do so. The isvara has full control over the jiva, prakrti, kala and karma. The jiva has the power to choose whether to surrender to the isvara or not. If he does surrender, he is freed from bondage within prakrti, kala and karma. If he does not, he is bound by them in the cycle of birth and death (samsara). See Avatara, Caitanya Mahaprabhu, Krsna, Modes of nature, Supersoul, Tattva.