Navadvipa-dhama, Jagannatha Puri-dhama and Vrndavana-dhama are considered to be identical. If one goes to Mathura-mandala-bhumi for sense gratification or to make a livelihood, he commits an offense and is condemned. Whoever does so must be penalized in the next life by becoming a hog or a monkey in Vrndavana-dhama. After taking on such a body, the offender is liberated in the next life. Srila Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati Thakura remarks that residing in Vrndavana with a view to enjoy sense gratification surely leads a so-called devotee to a lower species.