TEXT 12
bhadrasvam ketumalam ca
bharatam cottaran kurun
kimpurusadini varsani
vijitya jagrhe balim
SYNONYMS
bhadrasvamBhadrasva; ketumalamKetumala; caalso; bharatamBharata; caand; uttaranthe northern countries; kurunthe kingdom of the Kuru dynasty; kimpurusa-adinia country beyond the northern side of the Himalayas; varsaniparts of the earth planet; vijityaconquering; jagrheexacted; balimstrength.
TRANSLATION
Maharaja Pariksit then conquered all parts of the earthly planet-Bhadrasva, Ketumala, Bharata, the northern Kuru, Kimpurusa, etc.-and exacted tributes from their respective rulers.
PURPORT
Bhadrasva: It is an island near Meru Parvata. There is a description of this island in the Mahabharata (Bhisma parva 7.16-18). The description was narrated by Sanjaya to Dhrtarastra.
Maharaja Yudhisthira also conquered this island, and thus the province was included within the jurisdiction of his empire. Maharaja Pariksit was formerly declared to be the emperor of all lands ruled by his grandfather, but still he had to establish his supremacy while he was out of his capital to exact tribute from such states.
Ketumala: This earth planet is divided into seven parts, and according to others it is divided into nine parts. This earth is called Jambudvipa and is divided into nine varsas. Bharata-varsa is one of the above mentioned nine varsas. Such varsas are known as continents in the modern geographical context. Ketumala is described as one of the above varsas. It is said that in this varsa, women are the most beautiful. This varsa was conquered by Arjuna also. A description of this part of the world is available in the Mahabharata (Sabha Parva 286.32-33).
It is said that this part of the world is situated on the western side of the Meru Parvata, and the inhabitants of this province used to live up to ten thousands of years (Bhisma Parva 6.16.31-32). Human beings living in this part of the globe are of golden color, and the women resemble the angels of heaven. The inhabitants are free from all kinds of diseases and grief.
Bharata-varsa: This part of the world is also one of the nine varsas of the Jambudvipa, or earthly planet. Each planet is also sometimes called a dvipa because of its being an island in the fathomless outer space. Each planet is factually an island in the airy ocean of outer space. Jambudvipa is only one of such countless islands in this airy ocean of space. A description of Bharata-varsa is given in the Mahabharata (Bhisma Parva, Chapters 9-10).
Uttarah: According to Sridhara Svami these parts of the world are called Ilavrta-varsa, or the mediterranean countries of Europe. The description of the Ilavrta-varsa is given in the Mahabharata (Sabha Parva 28.7-8) as follows:
nagarams ca vanams caiva
nadis ca vimalodakah
purusan deva-kalpams ca
naris ca priya-darsanah
adrsta-purvan subhagan
sa dadarsa dhananjayah
sadanani ca subhrani
naris capsarasam nibhah
It is twice mentioned here that the women are beautiful, and some of them are equal to the apsaras, or heavenly women. Therefore the countries mentioned are round about the Mediterranean coast.
Kimpurusa-varsa: It is stated to be situated beyond the northern side of Darjelling Dhavala Giri and probably may be a country like Nepal, Bhutan, Tibet and China. These parts of the world were also conquered by Arjuna (Sabha Parva 28.1-2). The Kimpurusas are descendants of the daughter of Daksa. When Maharaja Yudhisthira performed a horse sacrifice, the inhabitants of these countries were also present to take part in the festival, and they paid tributes to the Emperor. This part of the world is called Kimpurusa-varsa, or sometimes the Himalayan provinces (Himavati). It is said that Sukadeva Gosvami was born in these Himalayan provinces, and he came to Bharata-varsa after crossing the Himalayan countries.
In other words, Maharaja Pariksit conquered all the world, namely all the continents adjoining all the seas and oceans in all directions, namely the eastern, western, northern and southern parts of the world.

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